Appendices

Violence Against Women and Girls

Appendix 1: Glossary and abbreviations

Term Definition
Accessible services Services that are designed and delivered in ways that ensure all individuals, regardless of their physical, sensory, cognitive, or social abilities, can use and benefit from them equally.
Accommodation-based support services Services that provide housing and support to individuals, particularly vulnerable populations such as those with mental health conditions or domestic abuse victims/survivors. These services aim to help individuals live more independently by offering stable housing and access to tailored support services.
Behaviour change programmes Programmes designed to make a difference to the way people act.
Coercive control When a person you are personally connected to repeatedly behaves in a way which makes you feel controlled, dependent, isolated or scared.
Commissioning The continual process of planning, agreeing and monitoring services. Commissioning is not one action but many, ranging from the health-needs assessment for a population, through the clinically based design of patient pathways, to service specification and contract negotiation or procurement, with continuous quality assessment.
Cohort A group of people who share a characteristic.
Consent To agree to do or allow something: to give permission for something to happen or be done.
Sexual consent happens when all people involved in any kind of sexual activity agree to take part by choice. They also need to have the freedom and capacity to make that choice.
Culturally competent The ability to view the world through the lens of other people - in all their diversity.
Cultural norms A shared expectation or rule within a specific group or society about how people should behave in particular situations.
Distributed leadership A leadership approach in which leadership responsibilities are shared across multiple individuals or groups within an organisation, rather than being concentrated with a single leader or a small leadership team.
Domestic abuse

Behaviour of a person (A) towards another person (B) is domestic abuse if: (i) A and B are aged 16 or over and are personally connected to each other, and (ii) the behaviour is abusive.

Any incident of controlling, coercive, or threatening behaviour, violence, or abuse of those aged 16 or over who are or who have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of their sex, gender or sexuality

Is an incident or pattern of behaviour which are violent, controlling, coercive, threatening or degrading towards a person who is or has been a close intimate partner or family member. Including psychological, physical, sexual, financial, emotional abuse; ‘honour’ based violence; and coercive control which is an act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation, and intimidation
Downstream prevention Interventions that occur after a health problem has already developed, focusing on treatment, mitigation, or rehabilitation rather than preventing the issue in the first place.
Ecological model Models that acknowledge the importance of human-environment interactions in understanding and changing behaviour.
Family-centred approach Approach that involves working in partnership with families to better understand their circumstances and to decide on strategies that will suit them and their children.
Female Genital Mutilation A procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there is no medical reason for this to be done.
Financial abuse The unauthorised and improper use of funds, property or any resources belonging to another individual.
Forced marriage Where one or both people do not or cannot consent to the marriage and pressure or abuse is used to force them into the marriage. It also includes when anything is done to make someone marry before they turn 18, even if there is no pressure or abuse.
Forced migration A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
Gender The characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time.
Gender identity A way to describe a person’s innate sense of their own gender, whether male, female, or non-binary, which may not correspond to the sex registered at birth
Gender-based violence Violence directed against a person because of that person’s gender or violence that affects persons of a particular gender disproportionately.
Gender-variant An umbrella term used to describe gender identity, expression, or behaviour that falls outside of culturally defined norms associated with a specific gender.
Holistic Dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part.
Honour-based abuse An incident involving violence, threats of violence, intimidation, coercion or abuse (including psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional abuse), which has or may have been committed to protect or defend the honour of an individual, family and or community for alleged or perceived breaches of the family and/or community’s code of behaviour.
Homophobia The fear, hatred, discomfort, or mistrust of people who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual, or of same-sex attraction in general.
Inequalities The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, rights, or treatment among individuals or groups within a society. It can occur across various dimensions and often leads to disadvantage or discrimination for certain populations.
Indigeneity The quality or fact of being indigenous (in various senses); the quality or fact of originating or occurring naturally in a particular place
Intergenerational Involving different generations.
Intervention The action of intervening, ‘stepping in’, or interfering in any affair, so as to affect its course or issue.
Intersectionality The interconnected nature of social categorisations such as race, class, sex and gender, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
Legislation The action of making or giving laws; the enactment of laws.
Life-course approach A life course approach to health aims to ensure people’s well-being at all ages by addressing people’s needs, ensuring access to health services, and safeguarding the human right to health throughout their lifetime.
Local authority A government organisation responsible for providing public services and facilities within a specific geographic area, such as a city, borough, district, or county.
Low birth weight Weight at birth of < 2500 grams (5.5 pounds).
Marginalised communities / groups Those excluded from mainstream social, economic, educational, and/or cultural life.
Meta-analysis Analysis of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject (published or unpublished), esp. in order to determine overall trends and significance.
Multi-agency approach A way of working where different organisations and professionals collaborate to address complex issues that cannot be effectively tackled by one agency alone.
Narrative review A type of literature review that identifies a selection of studies related to a topic of interest without a predetermined research question or specified search strategy.
Perpetrator A person who perpetrates something, especially a crime.
Personally Connected

As set out in the DA Act 2021:

The victim-survivor and alleged perpetrator must be 16 years of age and personally connected.


(1) For the purposes of this Act, two people are “personally connected” to each other if any of the following applies —

(a) they are, or have been, married to each other;
(b) they are, or have been, civil partners of each other;
(c) they have agreed to marry one another (whether or not the agreement has been terminated);
(d) they have entered into a civil partnership agreement (whether or not the agreement has been terminated);
(e) they are, or have been, in an intimate personal relationship with each other;
(f) they each have, or there has been a time when they each have had, a parental relationship in relation to the same child (see subsection (2));

(g) they are relatives.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(f) a person has a parental relationship in relation to a child if —

(a) the person is a parent of the child, or
(b) the person has parental responsibility for the child.


(3) In this section —

“child” means a person under the age of 18 years;
“civil partnership agreement” has the meaning given by section 73 of the Civil Partnership Act 2004
“parental responsibility” has the same meaning as in the Children Act 1989 (see section 3 of that Act);
“relative” has the meaning given by section 63(1) of the Family Law Act 1996.
Prevalence The proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.
Prevention The action of keeping from happening or making impossible an anticipated event or intended act.
Pre-term birth Babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed.
Primary prevention Actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease.
Primordial prevention Aims to address the root causes of health problems and improve the wider determinants of health. It focuses on preventing the emergence of risk factors in the first place by tackling the underlying social, economic, and environmental determinants of health.
Procurement The buying of goods and services that enable an organisation to operate its supply chains, in a profitable and ethical manner.
Protective factors Factors that facilitate the attainment of positive outcomes.
Protected characteristics There are nine protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. It is illegal for a person to be discriminated against because of a protected characteristic.
Prospective-longitudinal studies A type of research design that follows a group of individuals over time, collecting data at multiple points to observe how certain factors or exposures affect outcomes as they develop.
Psychological abuse The use of threats, humiliation, intimidation, manipulation and control to cause emotional harm or exert power over someone.
Proxy Someone or something that acts on behalf of another.
Qualitative Of or relating to quality or qualities; measuring, or measured by, the quality of something.
Quantitative Relating to or concerned with quantity or its measurement; that assesses or expresses quantity.
Racially minoritised Individuals or groups who have been socially, politically, or economically marginalised due to their race or ethnicity, often as a result of systemic power imbalances and historical inequalities.
Randomised - controlled trials Prospective studies that measure the effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment.
Refuge Safe houses to escape domestic abuse.
Right to Move The Right to Move in the UK refers to the ability of social tenants to move to take up employment opportunities without being disadvantaged by local housing authorities. This policy aims to support social tenants who need to relocate for work-related reasons, ensuring they can access housing that meets their needs without being limited by local connection criteria.
Safeguarding Protecting a person’s health, wellbeing, and human rights, and enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect.
Secondary prevention Deals with early detection of disease when this improves the chances for positive health outcomes.
Self-efficacy A personal power or capacity to produce an intended effect.
Sex (biological) A person’s sex registered at birth based on their physical characteristics including chromosomes, reproductive organs, and hormonal profiles. People will be assigned as either male or female.
Sexual orientation A person’s sexual identity in relation to the sex or gender to whom they are usually attracted.
Social behaviours The actions and responses of individuals that occur within a social and cultural context, influenced by complex stimulus conditions and the consequences of previous behaviours. It reflects the interaction between an individual’s environment and their behavioural patterns over time.
Sociodemographic The characteristics of a population that can influence behaviours and preferences, including variables such as age, sex, education level, income, the number of inhabitants in a town, and homeownership.
Socioeconomic status The relative position of an individual, family, or group within a societal hierarchy based on access to or power over valued resources such as wealth, education, and social recognition. It encompasses factors such as parental occupation, family income, and prestige, influencing living conditions and opportunities for skill development.
Social housing Social rent homes. These homes have rents linked to local incomes and provide an affordable, secure housing option for people across the country. Provided either by housing associations or the local council.
Statutory Of, relating to, or contained in a statute; enacted, prescribed, or appointed by statute; that conforms to requirements prescribed by statute.
Stereotyping To view or portray (a person) as having characteristics corresponding to a widely-held but oversimplified or prejudiced preconception of the group to which they belong.
Stigma The negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual that may be regarded as a mental, physical, or social deficiency. A stigma implies social disapproval and can lead unfairly to discrimination against and exclusion of the individual.
Systematic review A type of literature review of research that require equivalent standards of rigour to primary research. They have a clear, logical rationale that is reported to the reader of the review. They are used in research and policymaking to inform evidence-based decisions and practice.
Temporary accommodation Housing provided by local councils to people who are facing homelessness. Temporary accommodation provides a safe and secure place to stay while you wait to find a long-term home.
Tertiary prevention Action that attempts to minimise the harm of a problem through careful management.
Third sector organisation The third sector includes charities, social enterprises and community groups which deliver essential services, helps to improve people’s wellbeing and contributes to economic growth.
Transphobia Antipathy and associated violence towards or exclusion of individuals whose gender identity or expression is incongruous with their sex registered at birth, collectively termed transgender (trans), non-binary and gender diverse people.
Trauma-informed practice An approach to health and care interventions which is grounded in the understanding that trauma exposure can impact an individual’s neurological, biological, psychological and social development.
Upstream prevention Aims to prevent public health problems before they occur by optimising the physical, economic, and social factors that shape communities’ health.
Risk factor Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease/condition/event.
Universal Extending over or including the whole of something specified or implied, esp. the whole of a particular group or the whole world; comprehensive, complete; widely occurring or existing, prevalent overall.
Verbal abuse Using negative words and language that cause harm. It may take the form of blaming, insulting, belittling, intimidating, demeaning, disrespecting, scolding, frightening, ridiculing, criticising, name-calling or threatening a child. It is not just about shouting and screaming. Verbal abuse can also be quiet, insidious and subtle. Tone, volume and facial expression all play a part.
Victim/Survivor Refers to a person who has experienced any form of violence against women and girls (VAWG), including physical, sexual, psychological, or economic abuse. The term victim emphasises the harm and injustice suffered, while survivor highlights the person’s resilience, agency, and recovery. Both terms are used together to respect individual preferences and acknowledge different stages and perspectives of experience.
Violence against women and girls (VAWG)

VAWG is a gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.

Definitions of the term ‘violence against women and girls’ (VAWG) vary and are inconsistent, but the government defines it as “acts of violence or abuse that we know disproportionately affect women and girls”. It covers crimes including rape and other sexual offences & exploitation, stalking, domestic abuse including coercive and controlling behaviour, trafficking, ‘honour’-based abuse (including female genital mutilation, forced marriage and ‘honour’ killings), ‘revenge porn’ and ‘upskirting’.
Whole system approach Strategic integrated approach to planning and delivering services.

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition
ACEs Adverse Childhood Experiences
APTR Accused Perpetrator
ASC Adult Social Care
BCU Basic Command Unit
CAMHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
CLA Children Looked After
CMARAC Community Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conference
CNWL Central and North West London
CPS Crown Prosecution Service
CSEW Crime Survey for England and Wales
CSN Camden Safety Net
CSSW Children Safeguarding and Social Work
CYP Children and Young People
DAHA Domestic Abuse Housing Alliance
DAPNs Domestic Abuse Protection Order Notices
DAPOs Domestic Abuse Protection Orders
DAPP Domestic Abuse Perpetrator Programme
DASH risk checklist Domestic Abuse, Stalking, Honour Based Violence Risk Assessment checklist
D(S)VA Domestic (and Sexual) Violence and Abuse
EH Early Help
FGM Female Genital Mutilation
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
ID(S)VA Independent Domestic (and Sexual) Violence Advocate/Advisor
LGBT+ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender plus
MAC Money advice Camden
MARAC Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conference
MECC Make Every Contact Count
MOPAC Mayor’s Office of Policing and Crime
MPS Metropolitan Police Service
NFLT North London NHS Foundation Trust
NHS National Health Service
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NPCC National Police Chiefs’ Council
NRPF No Recourse to Public Funds
OHID Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
ONS Office for National Statistics
SMI Serious Mental Illness
PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
UC Universal Credit
UN United Nations
VAWG Violence Against Women and Girls
VCS / VCSE Voluntary and Community Sector / Voluntary Community and Social Enterprise
VRU Violence Reduction Unit
WHO World Health Organisation

Appendix 2: Additional services

Name/Title Family Stories Intervention
Description

A collaborative, brief intervention by the Anna Freud Family Trauma Team for mothers and primary-school aged children living in a shelter/refuge who are at risk of PTSD. The support is co-produced and adapts evidence-based trauma focused CBT.

Launched in May 2025.
Title / Name Coram Creative Therapies for CYP
Description

Coram runs both music and art therapy for young people in both one-to-one and group sessions.

Music therapy

This therapy aims to help children express their emotions non-verbally and to help them build trust with their therapist.

Art therapy

Helping to identify new strategies for managing feelings, thoughts, and behaviours at home and school, this therapy can build resilience and support children, parents and teachers through the process of positive changes.

Referrals should be made by the young person’s teacher / SENCO.
Service User Eligibility

Children who live and go to school in Camden

Participants do not need to have any musical / artistic skills or experience
Service Data Not available
Name/Title Hourglass
Description

The only UK charity focused on the abuse and neglect of older people.

Provide a free 24/7 helpline to support older people who experiencing all types of abuse (domestic, physical, psychological, economic, sexual, and neglect) and their families. Support can be accessed via the helpline, by text, email, live chat, chatbot, and local community hubs.
Name/Title SignHealth
Description

Provide a range of support to the deaf community about health and wellbeing, including psychological therapy and specialist, confidential support for people affected by sexual violence and DVA for young people, families, and in court. Their support provides a dedicated worker who creates a safety and support plan as well as links and advice related to housing, children, therapy, the legal system, and liaising with other agencies.

They have both male and female Independent Sexual Violence Advisors who offer support to people have experienced sexual abuse either recently or in the past.

SignHealth also provide prevention workshops in education settings and the deaf community. Their website has a range of resources and information to help people understand if they are in an abusive relationship and how to access support.
Name/Title Suzy Lamplugh Trust
Description

A personal safety charity that seeks to reduce the risk and prevalence of abuse, aggression, and violence – with a specific focus on stalking and harassment – through education, campaigning, and support.

An expert organisation in the fields of lone working, personal safety training, and stalking training. They established the National Stalking Helpline which is the only service of its kind globally.

Appendix 3: Recommendations from stakeholder groups

Note: These are the recommendations from the insight sessions only. Please see Chapter 6 for overall VAWG Needs Assessment recommendations.

1. Public health approach

Alongside robust responses to VAWG, invest in early action to prevent DVA and VAWG, including education, community engagement, earlier intervention by the system/professionals, including with perpetrators. Ensure intergenerational transmission of trauma, risk and behaviour is considered and addressed in strategic planning and response.

1.1. Wider delivery of preventative education for young people on healthy relationships, recognising abuse and promoting respect. (Source: Hopscotch, CVAA, C&L Practitioners)

1.2. Ensure support is holistic and addresses intersecting issues like mental health, disabilities, housing, poverty, and financial challenges together rather than in a fragmented/siloed way. (Source: Hopscotch, alluded also by CSN, DVA Navigators, C&L Practitioners)

1.3. Increase proactive early intervention police/community safety responses where victims won’t press charges. (Source: CSN)

1.4. Engage fathers earlier to prevent harm and disrupt cycles of abuse. (Source: CSC, C&L Practitioners)

1.5. Take purposeful, timely action after social care risks assessment to avoid ongoing harm. (Source: CSC)

1.6. Encourage professional curiosity across different workforce groups and sectors to identify underlying abuse when clients present to services for other reasons (e.g., mental health crises, unexplained injuries). (Source: CSN, C&L Practitioners)

1.7. Address intergenerational abuse through targeted family interventions. (Sources: CSN, CSC, WSA staff group, C&L practitioners)

1.8. Embed survivor voice in strategy, policy and service design. (Source: CVAA, EIG2)

2. Gaps in support for survivors e.g. ‘standard risk’

Ensure tailored, consistent support for victim/survivors of DVA and other forms of VAWG from first disclosure through to long-term recovery, regardless of risk level or complexity of need.

2.1. Develop individualised, tiered DA support across the whole risk spectrum and survivor journey. (Sources: CVAA, CSN, EIG2)

2.2. Create structured post-crisis pathways to bridge emergency intervention and long-term recovery. (Sources: CSN, DV Navigators)

2.3. Provide ongoing floating support (practical, emotional) to help sustain independence (e.g., life skills, cost-of-living management). (Source: CSN)

2.4. Broaden eligibility criteria for long-term support services, including those with complex needs or lower risk. (Source: CSN)

2.5. Avoid “monitoring only” responses — link risk identification to concrete, transformative interventions. (Source: CSC)

2.6. Increase interventions for child–to–parent abuse. (Source: CSN, C&L Practitioners)

3. Mental health

Expand accessible, culturally competent mental health services that are informed by the impacts of VAWG including DVA, sexual violence, and coercive control, and address co-occurring needs.

3.1. Expand long-term, gendered and DVA-informed mental health provision (face-to-face, trauma-informed, accessible to all regardless of immigration or housing status). (Sources: CVAA, CSN, DV Navigators, EIG1, WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

3.2. Integrate awareness of DVA-related brain injuries into mental health pathways. (Source: DV Navigators)

3.3. Tailor services for dual diagnosis (mental health + substance use). (Sources: DV Navigators, EIG1)

3.4. Provide mental health checks during housing transitions. (Source: Solace)

3.5. Commission bespoke mental health services for victim-survivors impacted by multiple disadvantage and co-occurring conditions. (Source: WSA staff group)

3.6. Improve access to secondary and tertiary mental health care and develop accessible pathways into crisis support. (Source: WSA staff group)

4. Support for children

Recognise children as direct victims of DVA and provide sustained, trauma-informed support across education, health, and family services. Give consideration also to wider forms of violence against women and girls, including often hidden forms such as honour-based abuse.

4.1. Recognise children as direct victims of DVA and provide consistent integrated therapeutic and emotional support. (Sources: CVAA, Solace, Hopscotch, CSN, EIG1, CSC, WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

4.2. Fund play therapy, parenting programmes, and emotional coaching for mothers. (Source: Solace)

4.3. Embed trauma-informed mental health responses in schools (e.g., Healing Together, Operation Compass). (Source: EIG2, C&L Practitioners)

4.4. Use Family Hubs as part of early intervention and as safe, supportive spaces for children and non-abusive parents. (Source: CSC)

4.5. Prioritise consistent, trusted relationships between workers and children/families. (Source: CSC, C&L Practitioners)

5. System-induced trauma

Eliminate re-traumatisation by ensuring services respond with dignity, continuity, and coordination, keeping victim/survivor safety at the centre.

5.1. Reduce re-traumatisation by using personal “passports” to avoid repeated retelling of abuse. (Source: Solace)

5.2. Improve inter-agency communication to avoid unsafe or harmful interventions. (Sources: CVAA, Solace, C&L Practitioners)

5.3. Make housing environments and hostels trauma-informed. (Source: DV Navigators)

5.4. Minimise disruption from changes in lead workers to preserve trust and stability. (Source: CSC)

5.5. Ensure there is stronger accountability, improved communications and consistent case handling and handovers across boroughs (Source: Solace, C&L Practitioners)

6. Housing and benefits

Increase availability and quality of safe accommodation and housing pathways that meets the needs of women and children, reduces disruption, and supports recovery. Efforts are made to use Alternative Payment Arrangements to help reduce financial control and/or rent arrears

6.1. Expand long term safe, suitable local accommodation options to preserve social networks. (Sources: CSN, DV Navigators, WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

6.2. Scale up Housing First models with secure tenancy and wraparound support. (Source: DV Navigators, WSA staff group)

6.3. Increase housing priority for refuge referrals and broaden access for those with complex needs or NRPF. (Sources: Solace, CSN)

6.4. More out-of-hours/weekend support for emergency housing (Source: Solace)

6.5. Improve hostel environments by ensuring trauma-informed staff, adequate facilities, and timely maintenance. (Source: DVA Navigators)

6.6. Reduce forced relocations, especially for women with children. (Source: DV Navigators)

6.7. Review and reform commissioning processes for hostels/temporary accommodation to align with relational practice standards. (Source: DV Navigators)

6.8. Explore “Alternative Payment Arrangement” (APAs) where the landlord can request the rent portion of the Universal Credit (as well as a limited contribution to any rent arrears) directly from DWP; rather than the claimant having to manage it. (Source: Money Advice)

6.9. Provide emergency/essential funding for fleeing survivors (Source: Solace, DVA Navigators)

6.10. Address the impact of short-term prison stays on benefit retention and housing stability. (Source: DVA Navigators)

7. Equity

Remove barriers to safety and support for marginalised groups, including migrant women, disabled women, women with language needs, LGBTQ+ survivors, inclusion health groups and those with complex needs, taking an intersectional approach.

7.1. Ensure all services and resources are inclusive for NRPF, language needs, disabilities, neurodivergence, and children of abuse. (Sources: Solace, Hopscotch, CSN)

7.2. Embed cultural competence and anti-misogyny training in services. (Sources: CVAA, Hopscotch)

7.3. Expand culturally sensitive, community-based outreach and activities in trusted settings where women can build trust and access help, with better awareness of VAWG issues among facilitators. (Source: Hopscotch)

7.4. Partner with specialist “by and for” organisations as best practice in provision. (Source: Hopscotch)

7.5. Develop a universal VAWG offer for homeless women (Source: WSA staff group)

7.6. Improve the capacity and capability of mainstream DVA and VAWG services to identify and respond to multiple disadvantage and homelessness. (Source: WSA staff group)

7.7. Develop a VAWG offer that integrates addiction expertise and addresses abuse linked to substance use and criminal exploitation, i.e., gendered violence from drug dealers, moving beyond a narrow focus on ‘personally connected’ DVA (Source: WSA staff group)

8. Training and skills

Ensure all agencies — from police to healthcare — have the training and capacity to respond effectively to VAWG and DVA, free from victim-blaming.

8.1. Mandatory trauma-informed VAWG/DA training for all frontline staff (police, housing, healthcare, schools). (Sources: CVAA, Solace, Hopscotch, CSN, EIG2)

8.2. Specialist training on managing disclosures (including from children) and avoiding victim-blaming. (Source: EIG2)

8.3. Culturally competent training for police, CPS, and healthcare providers. (Sources: Hopscotch, EIG2)

8.4. Embed DA mental health module into MECC (Making Every Contact Count) approach. (Source: EIG2)

8.5. Develop training and resources focused on supporting victim/survivors of intrafamilial including adult child to parent abuse. (Source: WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

8.6. Embed Safe & Together consistently within social care practice. (Source: C&L Practitioners)

8.7. Introduce a clear practice-based model of social responses to DVA. (Source: C&L Practitioners)

9. Service navigation and information access

Make it simple for victim/survivors to find and access the right support at the right time, with clear information and joined-up referral routes and service criteria

9.1. Create live, centralised service directory accessible to professionals and survivors (multi-language, multi-format). (Sources: Solace, EIG2)

9.2. Integrate directory with existing platforms (e.g., Mental Health Camden, Waiting Room) and promote via outreach, QR codes, printed guides. (Source: EIG2)

9.3. Provide single points of contact and one-stop shop models to reduce survivor burden. (Source: EIG2)

9.4. Ensure all pathways and processes are responsive, accessible in multiple formats, and avoid repeated retelling of stories (survivor passport model). (Source: Solace)

10. Justice, safety, and perpetrator accountability

Strengthen system responses to protect victim/survivors, hold perpetrators to account, and reduce repeat harm through preventative measures and support and behaviour change programmes.

10.1. Advocate for improvements CPS/police prosecution rates and consistency of perpetrator consequences. (Source: DV Navigators, WSA staff group)

10.2. Advocate for training for justice professionals to reduce judgement and dismissal of survivors’ cases. (Source: DV Navigators)

10.3. Advocate for the importance of perpetrator programmes as part of any VAWG response to ensure all efforts are made to break the cycle of violence. (Source: C&L practitioners, perpetrator service providers)

10.4. Strengthen the confidence and capability of professionals to embed the principles of perpetrator accountability into their work. (Source: WSA staff group)

10.5. Improve pathways into perpetrator behaviour change programmes and disruption programmes for example linking perpetrator programmes to housing or justice systems, or early referrals alongside CSN referrals. (Sources: EIG1, Hopscotch, WSA staff group, C&L practitioners)

10.6. Expand access to supervised contact centres outside of court proceedings. (Source: C&L Practitioners)

10.7. Expand access to independent advocacy for survivors navigating court proceedings.

10.8. Improve judicial and system-wide understanding of coercive control and ongoing abuse, reducing reliance on the “parental conflict” framing.

11. Funding and workforce stability

Secure long-term investment in specialist VAWG services, ensuring stable, experienced workforces that can provide consistent, high-quality support.

11.1. Secure long-term funding to ensure continuity of specialist VAWG services. (Source: DV Navigators)

11.2. Improve job security and parity for specialist roles handling complex, high-risk cases. (Source: DV Navigators, WSA staff group)

11.3. Increase staffing capacity to allow lower caseloads and personalised support. (Source: DV Navigators, WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

11.4. Ensure access to regular clinical supervision and reflective practice to support staff dealing with high-stress, complex cases. (Source: CSN, WSA staff group, C&L Practitioners)

11.5. Embed Safe & Together consistently within children’s social care practice.

11.6. Introduce a clear practice-based model for social work responses to DVA.

11.7. Training on Adult Child to Parent Abuse (currently being planned at the Council)

12. Multi-agency coordination

Embed shared responsibility across all agencies, - including (but not limited to) the Council, NHS partners and health services, the police and VCSE organisations with strong partnership working to deliver a united approach to ending VAWG and DVA.

12.1. Strengthen cross-sector case sharing, joint meetings, and referral pathways. (Sources: CVAA, Solace, CSN, EIG1, CSC)

12.2. Embed DVA specialists in health, housing, and education settings. (Source: EIG2)

12.3. Develop system-wide accountability for DVA response quality. (Sources: EIG1, EIG2)

12.4. Establish regular reflective spaces and joint updates between agencies to maintain shared responsibility. (Source: CSC)

12.5. Use multi-disciplinary teams to ensure diverse perspectives and joint accountability in DVA cases. (Source: CSC)

Appendix 4: Additional documentation

The following documentation is available to provide further insights and understanding. If you would like more details on the full reports from the stakeholder engagement or services, please email

Camden Council reports / insights

  • Care Act Reforms Work

  • Domestic Violence and Abuse & Mental Health deep dive

  • Homelessness lived experience insights

Linked Camden Council strategies

  • Alcohol strategy

  • Housing strategy

  • Sexual and reproductive health report

Documentation by other organisations

Appendix 5: Additional legislation, guidance, and policies

Legislation

Guidance

Appendix 6: Quantitative data appendices

Appendix 6a: Data sources

Data Source Description Link
Internal Adult Social Care Safeguarding Introduced in the statutory duties set out in the Care Act 2014, raised through ASC frequently overlap with abuse types that fall under VAWG, providing a critical and robust dataset for understanding adult victims at risk. N/A
Internal Camden Safety Net Camden’s high risk DVA service, CSN inherently deals with survivors and victims of VAWG. N/A
Internal Children Safeguarding and Social Work VAWG-related issues can surface either at the initial referral stage or during later assessments, highlighting how children and families are affected. N/A
Internal Domestic Abuse Navigators Provide support for victims and survivors of DVA experiencing multiple disadvantage. N/A
Internal Early Help See Children Safeguarding and Social Work N/A
Internal Housing For victim/survivors of DVA, housing pathways are a key area of support. DVA issues may appear through statutory routes (applications under Part 6 or 7 of the Housing Act 1996) or through non-statutory provision, such as Camden’s Adult Pathway, rough sleeping services, and refuge accommodation. Also for current council tenants, housing officers can raise DVA as a risk. N/A
Internal Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC) This multi-agency meeting ensures that cases that have been assessed to be of serious risk of harm or homicide of DVA are jointly assessed and managed, making it a vital source of information on the most serious cases. N/A
External Metropolitan Police Service – Homicide Data Provides an overview of homicides across London https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/stats-and-data/stats-and-data/met/homicide-dashboard/
External Metropolitan Police Service – VAWG Offence Data Provides detailed crime level data on offences linked to VAWG, including outcomes, location and offence type, and flags of VAWG abuses. N/A
External NHS FGM Report The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset (SCCI 2026) is a repository for individual level data collected by healthcare providers in England, including acute hospital providers, mental health providers and GP practices. Female Genital Mutilation - NHS England Digital
External Victim Support, Mayors Office of Policing and Crime MOPAC commissions a range of support services and interventions for victims and witnesses of crime in London, and for individuals at risk of becoming involved in crime. Caseworkers and Independent Domestic Violence Advocates (IDVAs) work with victims to support immediate and long-term safety, and wellbeing for service users. Support is provided to help victim/survivors understand their rights, plan and leave safely, advocate with professionals, court support, dealing with social services, support for children, accessing safe accommodation, accessing immigration advice, debt and money advice/advocacy, information and support where there has been sexual violence, mental health support and referring onto specialist services. Supporting Victims and Witnesses | London City Hall
Other Office of National Statistics – Mid Year Population Estimates 2023 (Local Authority and Ward) Used to calculate rates of crime per 1,000 residents (per 1,000 female residents if for VAWG rates). Population estimates - local authority based by five year age band - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics
Other Office of National Statistics – Census 2021 (Topic Summaries and Ready Made tables) Various tables used to ascertain prevalence of at risk groups, and look of geospatial correlation between VAWG rates and demographics of local populations. 2021 Census - Census of Population - Data Sources - home - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics

Appendix 6b: Metropolitan Police Service crime categorisation

Group Subgroup VAWG Offence
Arson And Criminal Damage Arson N/A
Criminal Damage N/A
Burglary Burglary - Residential N/A
Burglary Burglary Business And Community N/A
Burglary Burglary In A Dwelling N/A
Drug Offences Possession Of Drugs N/A
Drug Offences Trafficking Of Drugs N/A
Fraud And Forgery Fraud And Forgery N/A
Miscellaneous Crimes Against Society Misc Crimes Against Society Exploitation of Prostitution; Other Violence
Nfib Fraud Nfib N/A
Possession Of Weapons Possession Of Weapons N/A
Public Order Offences Other Offences Public Order N/A; Outraging public decency
Public Order Offences Public Fear Alarm Or Distress Public Fear Alarm or Distress
Public Order Offences Race Or Religious Agg Public Fear Racially or Religiously Aggravated Public Fear Alarm or Distress
Robbery Robbery Of Business Property N/A
Robbery Robbery Of Personal Property N/A
Sexual Offences Other Sexual Offences Sexual Assault on a Female Child under 13; Sexual assault on a Female aged 13 and over; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 16; Upskirting; Abuse of Children through Sexual Exploitation; Exposure and Voyeurism; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 13; Sexual Grooming; Incest or Familial Sexual Offences; Abuse of Position of Trust of a Sexual Nature; Assault on a female by penetration.; Causing Sexual Activity without Consent; Other Miscellaneous Sexual Offences; Sexual Activity etc with a Person with a Mental Disorder; N/A; Unnatural Sexual Offences; Offences relating to using equipment to film or observe another while breastfeeding
Sexual Offences Rape Rape of a Female aged 16 and over; Rape of a Female Child under 16; Rape of a Male Child under 13; Rape of a Female Child under 13; Rape of a Male Child under 16; Rape of a Male aged 16 and over; N/A
Theft Bicycle Theft N/A
Theft Other Theft N/A
Theft Shoplifting N/A
Theft Theft From The Person N/A
Vehicle Offences Aggravated Vehicle Taking N/A
Vehicle Offences Interfering With A Motor Vehicle N/A
Vehicle Offences Theft From A Vehicle N/A
Vehicle Offences Theft Or Unauth Taking Of A Motor Veh N/A
Violence Against The Person Homicide Murder; Manslaughter
Violence Against The Person Violence With Injury Actual Bodily harm and other Injury; Inflicting Grievous Bodily Harm without Intent; Wounding or Carrying out an act Endangering Life; Assaults Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm on a Constable; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Inflicting Grievous Bodily Harm without intent; Assault occasioning actual bodily harm on Emergency Worker (other than a Constable); Poisoning; Possession of items to Endanger Life; Wounding Amounting to GBH or Inflicting GBH (Inflicting Bodily Harm with or Without Weapon) on a Constable; Female Genital Mutilation; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Actual Bodily Harm and other Injury; Use of Substance or Object to Endanger Life; Cause GBH with intent on Constable to resist/prevent arrest; Wounding or Inflicting GBH (with or Without Weapon) on Emergency Worker (other than a Constable); Attempted Murder; Unlawfully and Maliciously Wound / GBH an Emergency Worker (other than a Constable) with Intent to cause GBH; Neglect; Other Violence; Intentional Destruction of a Viable Unborn Child; Endangering Life at Sea; Non-fatal strangulation and suffocation; Wounding with intent to do GBH on Constable; Causing or Allowing Death of Child or Vulnerable Person; GBH on Emergency Worker (other than a Constable) with Intent to resist or prevent arrest; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Assault with Injury; Cause or allow a child or vulnerable adult to suffer serious physical harm; N/A
Violence Against The Person Violence Without Injury N/A; Harassment; Sending letters etc with intent to cause distress or anxiety; Disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress; Engage in controlling/coercive behaviour in an intimate / family relationship.; Stalking; Forced marriage offences; Modern Day Slavery; Pursue course of conduct in breach of Sec 1(1) which amounts to stalking; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Harassment; Breach of Stalking Order

Appendix 6c: Metropolitan Police Service VAWG flags

Subtype Offence List
Controlling or Coercive Behaviour Abuse of Children through Sexual Exploitation; Disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress; Engage in controlling/coercive behaviour in an intimate / family relationship.; Exploitation of Prostitution; Forced marriage offences; Modern Day Slavery; Offences relating to using equipment to film or observe another while breastfeeding ; Sexual Grooming
Domestic Abuse Flagged by MPS in dataset
Economic Abuse N/A
FGM Flagged by MPS in dataset
Forced Marriage Flagged by MPS in dataset
Honour based violence Flagged by MPS in dataset
Physical or Sexual Abuse Actual Bodily harm and other Injury; Assault occasioning actual bodily harm on Emergency Worker (other than a Constable); Assault on a female by penetration.; Assaults Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm on a Constable; Attempted Murder; Cause or allow a child or vulnerable adult to suffer serious physical harm; Causing Sexual Activity without Consent; Exposure and Voyeurism; Female Genital Mutilation; Incest or Familial Sexual Offences; Inflicting Grievous Bodily Harm without Intent; Intentional Destruction of a Viable Unborn Child; Murder; Non-fatal strangulation and suffocation; Other Miscellaneous Sexual Offences; Poisoning; Possession of items to Endanger Life; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Actual Bodily Harm and other Injury; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Inflicting Grievous Bodily Harm without intent; Rape of a Female Child under 13; Rape of a Female Child under 16; Rape of a Female aged 16 and over; Rape of a Male Child under 13; Rape of a Male aged 16 and over; Sexual Activity etc with a Person with a Mental Disorder; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 13; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 16; Sexual Assault on a Female Child under 13; Sexual assault on a Female aged 13 and over; Unnatural Sexual Offences; Upskirting; Use of Substance or Object to Endanger Life; Wounding Amounting to GBH or Inflicting GBH (Inflicting Bodily Harm with or Without Weapon) on a Constable; Wounding or Carrying out an act Endangering Life; Wounding with intent to do GBH on Constable
Psychological / Emotional / Other Abuse Neglect
Sexual Exploitation Abuse of Children through Sexual Exploitation; Abuse of Position of Trust of a Sexual Nature; Disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress; Exploitation of Prostitution; Modern Day Slavery; Offences relating to using equipment to film or observe another while breastfeeding; Sexual Activity etc with a Person with a Mental Disorder; Sexual Grooming
Sexual Violence Abuse of Children through Sexual Exploitation; Abuse of Position of Trust of a Sexual Nature; Assault on a female by penetration.; Causing Sexual Activity without Consent; Disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress; Exposure and Voyeurism; Incest or Familial Sexual Offences; Other Miscellaneous Sexual Offences; Rape of a Female Child under 13; Rape of a Female Child under 16; Rape of a Female aged 16 and over; Rape of a Male Child under 13; Rape of a Male Child under 16; Rape of a Male aged 16 and over; Sexual Activity etc with a Person with a Mental Disorder; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 13; Sexual Activity involving a Child under 16; Sexual Assault on a Female Child under 13; Sexual Grooming; Sexual assault on a Female aged 13 and over; Upskirting
Stalking and Harassment Breach of Stalking Order; Harassment; Public Fear Alarm or Distress; Pursue course of conduct in breach of Sec 1(1) which amounts to stalking; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Harassment; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Public Fear Alarm or Distress; Sending letters etc with intent to cause distress or anxiety; Stalking
Violent or Threatening Behaviour Breach of Stalking Order; Harassment; Outraging public decency; Public Fear Alarm or Distress; Pursue course of conduct in breach of Sec 1(1) which amounts to stalking; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Assault with Injury; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Harassment; Racially or Religiously Aggravated Public Fear Alarm or Distress; Sending letters etc with intent to cause distress or anxiety; Stalking; Other Violence

Appendix 6d: Calculations for metrics

Metric Description Calculation
Crime Rate per 1,000 Female Residents Number of crimes (total or VAWG) per 1,000 female residents in a given area (Total Crimes ÷ Female Population) × 1,000
Count of Crimes Total number of recorded crimes (can be filtered for VAWG or specific types) Sum of recorded crime incidents
Proportion of Crime Type within Total Crimes Share of a specific crime type relative to all recorded crimes (Crimes of Type X ÷ Total Crimes) × 100
Proportion of Crime Type within VAWG Crimes Share of a specific VAWG crime type within total VAWG crimes (VAWG Crime Type X ÷ Total VAWG Crimes) × 100
Percentage Change of Crime Rate Between Years Relative year-over-year increase or decrease in crime rate ((Crime Rate Year 2 − Crime Rate Year 1) ÷ Crime Rate Year 1) × 100
Absolute Change of Crime Rate Between Years Raw numerical change in crime rate between two years Crime Rate Year 2 − Crime Rate Year 1
Percentage Change of Crime Rate Within a Single Year Relative monthly or quarterly change in crime rate within the same year ((Later Period Rate − Earlier Period Rate) ÷ Earlier Period Rate) × 100
Rank of Boroughs Position of a borough relative to others based on a selected metric Sort boroughs by metric (e.g. crime rate), assign rank (1 = highest or lowest)

Appendix 6e: Statistical tests

Test Name What It Does
One sample t-test Compare the mean of a single sample to a known or hypothesized population mean.
Shapiro–Wilk Tests whether a sample comes from a normally distributed population.
Mann–Whitney U Compares differences between two independent groups when the dependent variable is ordinal or not normally distributed.
Fisher’s exact test Tests for a non-random association between two categorical variables in a 2x2 contingency table.
Chi-square (goodness of fit) Tests whether observed categorical data matches an expected distribution.
Pearson correlation Measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

Appendix 6f: Camden FGM data

Source: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/female-genital-mutilation/april-2023-to-march-2024 for Camden

FGM Question Response Category Camden (per 1000) London (per 1000) England (per 1000)
Advised on health implications of FGM No 0.17 0.03 0.01
Advised on health implications of FGM Not recorded 0.08 0.27 0.09
Advised on health implications of FGM Not stated or unknown 0.30 0.14 0.06
Advised on health implications of FGM Yes 1.23 1.11 0.33
Advised on illegalities of FGM No 0.08 0.02 0.01
Advised on illegalities of FGM Not recorded 0.08 0.28 0.09
Advised on illegalities of FGM Not stated or unknown 0.25 0.17 0.12
Advised on illegalities of FGM Yes 1.36 1.07 0.26
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 18-24 0.08 0.03 0.02
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 25-29 0.17 0.11 0.06
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 30-34 0.21 0.15 0.07
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 35-39 0.21 0.12 0.05
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 40-44 0.08 0.05 0.02
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 45-49 0.04 0.01 0
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) 50+ 0.04 0.01 0
Age at attendance (latest attendance in period) Under 18 0 0 0
Age at which FGM was carried out 1 and under 5 0.21 0.08 0.03
Age at which FGM was carried out 10 and under 15 0.04 0.03 0.01
Age at which FGM was carried out 15 and under 18 0 0 0
Age at which FGM was carried out 18 and over 0 0 0.01
Age at which FGM was carried out 5 and under 10 0.13 0.12 0.04
Age at which FGM was carried out Not recorded 0.04 0.12 0.07
Age at which FGM was carried out Not stated or unknown 0.21 0.08 0.05
Age at which FGM was carried out Under 1 0.21 0.04 0.02
Country of Birth Eastern Africa 0.47 0.19 0.06
Country of Birth Northern Africa 0.08 0.02 0.02
Country of Birth Not recorded 0.04 0.10 0.04
Country of Birth Not stated or unknown 0.25 0.11 0.04
Country of Birth Rest of Africa 0 0 0
Country of Birth Rest of Asia 0.04 0.01 0
Country of Birth Rest of world 0 0 0
Country of Birth United Kingdom (the) 0 0 0.01
Country of Birth Western Africa 0.04 0.04 0.04
Country of Birth Western Asia 0.04 0.01 0.02
Country of origin Eastern Africa 0.47 0.15 0.04
Country of origin Northern Africa 0.08 0.02 0.02
Country of origin Not recorded 0.04 0.11 0.07
Country of origin Not stated or unknown 0.30 0.17 0.05
Country of origin Rest of Africa 0 0 0
Country of origin Rest of Asia 0.04 0 0
Country of origin Rest of world 0 0 0
Country of origin United Kingdom (the) 0 0 0.01
Country of origin Western Africa 0.04 0.02 0.03
Country of origin Western Asia 0.04 0.01 0.01
Country where FGM undertaken Eastern Africa 0.13 0.12 0.04
Country where FGM undertaken Northern Africa 0.04 0.01 0.02
Country where FGM undertaken Not recorded 0.38 0.15 0.06
Country where FGM undertaken Not stated or unknown 0.34 0.17 0.05
Country where FGM undertaken Rest of Africa 0 0 0
Country where FGM undertaken Rest of Asia 0 0 0
Country where FGM undertaken Rest of world 0 0 0
Country where FGM undertaken United Kingdom (the) 0 0 0
Country where FGM undertaken Western Africa 0.04 0.02 0.03
Country where FGM undertaken Western Asia 0 0.01 0.01
Daughters born at attendance No 0.04 0.07 0.11
Daughters born at attendance Not recorded 1.78 1.46 0.36
Daughters born at attendance Yes 0 0.01 0.02
De-infibulation undertaken? No 0.81 1.02 0.30
De-infibulation undertaken? Not recorded 0.81 0.48 0.17
De-infibulation undertaken? Yes 0.17 0.05 0.01
FGM Type FGM Type 1 0.21 0.13 0.05
FGM Type FGM Type 2 0.17 0.07 0.03
FGM Type FGM Type 3 0.13 0.07 0.02
FGM Type FGM Type 3 - Re-infibulation Identified 0 0 0
FGM Type FGM Type 4 0.04 0.01 0.01
FGM Type History of FGM Type 3 0 0.01 0
FGM Type Not recorded 0 0 0.01
FGM Type Not stated or unknown 0.30 0.19 0.09
FGM Type 4 qualifier Cauterisation 0 0 0
FGM Type 4 qualifier Incising 0 0 0
FGM Type 4 qualifier Not recorded 0.04 0.01 0.01
FGM Type 4 qualifier Piercing 0 0 0.01
FGM Type 4 qualifier Pricking 0 0 0
FGM Type 4 qualifier Scraping 0 0 0
FGM identification method Not recorded 0.08 0.17 0.06
FGM identification method On examination 0.17 0.10 0.05
FGM identification method Other 0.42 0.13 0.04
FGM identification method Other clinician 0 0 0
FGM identification method Self Report 1.10 1.14 0.33
Invalid attendances NHS number Not recorded 0.01
Invalid patients NHS number Not recorded 0.01
Number of daughters under 18 1 0.08 0.07 0.04
Number of daughters under 18 2 0.04 0.03 0.01
Number of daughters under 18 3+ 0.04 0.02 0.01
Number of daughters under 18 Not recorded 0.47 0.15 0.06
Number of daughters under 18 Not stated or unknown 0.13 0.12 0.04
Pregnant at attendance No 0.17 0.08 0.03
Pregnant at attendance Not Stated or Unknown 0.34 0.10 0.05
Pregnant at attendance Not recorded 0.04 0.12 0.06
Pregnant at attendance Yes 1.27 1.24 0.35
Referring organisation type General Practice 0.13 0.10 0.03
Referring organisation type NHS Organisation 0.13 0.25 0.11
Referring organisation type Not recorded 0.59 0.20 0.17
Referring organisation type Not stated or unknown 0.13 0.09 0.02
Referring organisation type Other 0.81 0.86 0.14
Referring organisation type Self-referral 0 0.05 0.02
Total Attendances Attendances Total 1.78 1.54 0.49
Total Distinct Patients Total Distinct Patients 0.85 0.49 0.23
Total Newly Recorded Newly Recorded Total 0.38 0.23 0.13
Treatment function area General Practitioner 0.04 0 0.01
Treatment function area Gynaecology 0.25 0.10 0.03
Treatment function area Midwifery Service 1.36 1.08 0.24
Treatment function area Not recorded 0 0.11 0.04
Treatment function area Obstetrics 0.08 0.20 0.16
Treatment function area Other 0.04 0.04 0.01
Treatment function area Paediatric Specialties 0.08 0.01 0

Appendix 6g: Children safeguarding and social work flags

Form Flag
Child and family assessment (CSSW) Abuse linked to faith or belief; Abuse or neglect - emotional abuse; Abuse or neglect - neglect; Abuse or neglect - physical abuse - physical abuse or neglect by an adult; Abuse or neglect - physical abuse - physical abuse or neglect by another child; Abuse or neglect - sexual abuse - sexual abuse by an adult; Abuse or neglect - sexual abuse - sexual abuse by another child; Child sexual exploitation; Domestic abuse; Female genital mutilation; Trafficking
Early Help Family Assessment (EH) Abuse and exploitation; CYP Sexually Exploited; Domestic; Domestic abuse; Emotional; FGM; Forced Marriage; Honour Violence; Physical; Sexual; Trafficked CYP; Violence Against the Person
MASH contact and referral (CSSW) Abuse linked to faith or belief; Abuse or neglect - emotional abuse; Abuse or neglect - neglect; Abuse or neglect - physical abuse - physical abuse or neglect by an adult; Abuse or neglect - physical abuse - physical abuse or neglect by another child; Abuse or neglect - sexual abuse - sexual abuse by an adult; Abuse or neglect - sexual abuse - sexual abuse by another child; Child sexual exploitation; Domestic abuse; Female genital mutilation; Trafficking

Appendix 6h: Adult Social Care safeguarding flags

VAWG Flag Abuse Types
Controlling or Coercion Coercion And Control; Harassment; Psychological/Coercion And Control; Restraint; Verbal Abuse
Domestic Abuse Domestic Abuse; Other Domestic Abuse
Economic Abuse Financial; Financial & Material; Financial And Material; Misuse Of A Legal Authority; Misuse Of Financial Affairs By A 3rd Party; Other Financial & Material; Rogue Trading/Scamming; Theft
Emotional and Other Abuse Emotional / Psychological; Harassment; Hate Crime; Mate Crime; Other Discriminatory; Other Psychological/Emotional; Psychological / Emotional; Psychological/Emotional; Verbal Abuse
FGM FGM; Sexual Abuse FGM
Forced Marriage Forced Marriage
Honour-Based Violence Honour Based Violence; Honour-Based Violence
Physical / Sexual Abuse Assault; Other Physical Abuse; Other Sexual Abuse; Physical; Physical Abuse; Sexual; Sexual Abuse; Sexual Abuse FGM
Sexual Exploitation Sexual Exploitation
Sexual Violence Other Sexual Abuse; Sexual; Sexual Abuse; Sexual Exploitation
Stalking and Harassment Harassment; Verbal Abuse
Violence Assault; Inappropriate Physical Sanctions; Physical; Physical Abuse; Restraint

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[121] A two‐proportion z‐test comparing Camden’s 2024 female‐resident offence rate (29.05 per 1,000) to that of the rest of London (26.46 per 1,000, excluding Camden) yielded a test statistic of Z = 5.47 and p < 0.0001. This difference of 2.59 offences per 1,000 residents is both statistically and practically significant: the 95% confidence interval for the rate difference is [1.63, 3.57] per 1,000, which lies entirely above zero. In other words, we can be 95% confident that Camden’s true offence rate exceeds that of the rest of London by between 1.63 and 3.57 crimes per 1,000 female residents in 2024.

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[127] See footnote 105

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[143] See footnote 120

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